ASTM E1498-1992(2004) 海草性繁殖试验的标准指南
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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforConductingSexualReproductionTestswithSeaweeds
【原文标准名称】:海草性繁殖试验的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1498-1992(2004)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1992
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.01
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:植物的耕种;检验总量;繁殖;生物学
【英文主题词】:algae;Champia;microalgae;plants;seaweed;toxicitytest
【摘要】:Seaweedshavehistoricallybeenconsideredlessusefulfortoxicitytestingthanmicroalgae(1),4andmicroalgaeareoftenconsideredlesssensitivethanaquaticanimals(2).Suchconclusionsconcerningseaweedinsensitivitywerebasedondataforonlyafewhardyspeciesandbasedgenerallyonvegetativegrowthofadultstagesastheprimaryendpoint.Thesensitivityofseaweedsincreaseswheneffectsonsexualreproductionareassessed.ThishasbeenshownforChampiaparvula(3),aswellasforthebrownseaweeds,Fucusedentatus,Laminariasaccharina,andMacrocystispyrifera(4).Theresultsofsexualreproductiontestswithseaweedsmightbeusefulforpredictingthelong-termeffectslikelytooccuronseaweedsinfieldsituationsduetoexposureundercomparableconditions.Theresultsofsexualreproductiontestswithseaweedsmightbeusedtocomparethechronictoxicitiesofdifferentmaterials,andalsotostudytheeffectsofvariousenvironmentalfactorsontheresultsofsuchtests.Theresultsofsexualreproductiontestswithseaweedsmightbeanimportantconsiderationwhenassessingthehazardsofmaterialstoaquaticorganismsorwhenderivingwaterqualitycriteriaforsaltwaterorganisms(5).Theresultsofsexualreproductiontestswithseaweedswilldependonthetemperature,compositionofdilutionwater,conditionoftestorganisms,andotherfactorssuchaslightandmedia.1.1Thisguidecoversproceduresforobtaininglaboratorydataconcerningtheadverseeffectsofatestmaterialaddedtodilutionwateronsexualreproductionbyseaweeds.Theexposuredurationisspeciesdependentandisfollowedbyaperiodofdevelopmenttoallowtheevidenceofsexualreproductiontoappear.Thereisnoexposuretotoxicantsduringthedevelopmentperiod.Thisrestrictsthetestsprimarilytotheeventssurroundingeggfertilization,anditminimizesanytimelageffectsondevelopmentthatmightinterferewithcorrectenumerationofthenumberofsexualeventsthatoccurred.Theseprocedureswillprobablybeusefulforconductingsexualreproductiontoxicitytestswithavarietyofspeciesofseaweeds,althoughmodificationsmightbenecessary.1.2Othermodificationsoftheseproceduresmightbejustifiedbyspecialneedsorcircumstances.Althoughusingappropriateproceduresismoreimportantthanfollowingprescribedprocedures,theresultsoftestsconductedusingunusualproceduresarenotlikelytobecomparabletothoseofmanyothertests.Comparisonoftheresultsobtainedusingmodifiedandunmodifiedversionsoftheseproceduresmightprovideusefulinformationconcerningnewconceptsandproceduresforconductingsexualreproductiontestswithseaweeds.1.3Theseproceduresareapplicabletomostchemicals,eitherindividuallyorinformulations,commercialproducts,andknownmixturesorwholeeffluents,aswellasforuseintestingsurfacewaters.Withappropriatemodifications,theseprocedurescanbeusedtostudytheeffectsoftemperature,dissolvedoxygen,pH,andsuchmaterialsasleachates,oils,particulatematter,andsediments.1.4ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.1.5Thisguideisarrangedasfollows:1.6Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Forspecifichazardsstatements,seeandSection7.
【中国标准分类号】:B05
【国际标准分类号】:65_020_20
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【原文标准名称】:海草性繁殖试验的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1498-1992(2004)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1992
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.01
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:植物的耕种;检验总量;繁殖;生物学
【英文主题词】:algae;Champia;microalgae;plants;seaweed;toxicitytest
【摘要】:Seaweedshavehistoricallybeenconsideredlessusefulfortoxicitytestingthanmicroalgae(1),4andmicroalgaeareoftenconsideredlesssensitivethanaquaticanimals(2).Suchconclusionsconcerningseaweedinsensitivitywerebasedondataforonlyafewhardyspeciesandbasedgenerallyonvegetativegrowthofadultstagesastheprimaryendpoint.Thesensitivityofseaweedsincreaseswheneffectsonsexualreproductionareassessed.ThishasbeenshownforChampiaparvula(3),aswellasforthebrownseaweeds,Fucusedentatus,Laminariasaccharina,andMacrocystispyrifera(4).Theresultsofsexualreproductiontestswithseaweedsmightbeusefulforpredictingthelong-termeffectslikelytooccuronseaweedsinfieldsituationsduetoexposureundercomparableconditions.Theresultsofsexualreproductiontestswithseaweedsmightbeusedtocomparethechronictoxicitiesofdifferentmaterials,andalsotostudytheeffectsofvariousenvironmentalfactorsontheresultsofsuchtests.Theresultsofsexualreproductiontestswithseaweedsmightbeanimportantconsiderationwhenassessingthehazardsofmaterialstoaquaticorganismsorwhenderivingwaterqualitycriteriaforsaltwaterorganisms(5).Theresultsofsexualreproductiontestswithseaweedswilldependonthetemperature,compositionofdilutionwater,conditionoftestorganisms,andotherfactorssuchaslightandmedia.1.1Thisguidecoversproceduresforobtaininglaboratorydataconcerningtheadverseeffectsofatestmaterialaddedtodilutionwateronsexualreproductionbyseaweeds.Theexposuredurationisspeciesdependentandisfollowedbyaperiodofdevelopmenttoallowtheevidenceofsexualreproductiontoappear.Thereisnoexposuretotoxicantsduringthedevelopmentperiod.Thisrestrictsthetestsprimarilytotheeventssurroundingeggfertilization,anditminimizesanytimelageffectsondevelopmentthatmightinterferewithcorrectenumerationofthenumberofsexualeventsthatoccurred.Theseprocedureswillprobablybeusefulforconductingsexualreproductiontoxicitytestswithavarietyofspeciesofseaweeds,althoughmodificationsmightbenecessary.1.2Othermodificationsoftheseproceduresmightbejustifiedbyspecialneedsorcircumstances.Althoughusingappropriateproceduresismoreimportantthanfollowingprescribedprocedures,theresultsoftestsconductedusingunusualproceduresarenotlikelytobecomparabletothoseofmanyothertests.Comparisonoftheresultsobtainedusingmodifiedandunmodifiedversionsoftheseproceduresmightprovideusefulinformationconcerningnewconceptsandproceduresforconductingsexualreproductiontestswithseaweeds.1.3Theseproceduresareapplicabletomostchemicals,eitherindividuallyorinformulations,commercialproducts,andknownmixturesorwholeeffluents,aswellasforuseintestingsurfacewaters.Withappropriatemodifications,theseprocedurescanbeusedtostudytheeffectsoftemperature,dissolvedoxygen,pH,andsuchmaterialsasleachates,oils,particulatematter,andsediments.1.4ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.1.5Thisguideisarrangedasfollows:1.6Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Forspecifichazardsstatements,seeandSection7.
【中国标准分类号】:B05
【国际标准分类号】:65_020_20
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:
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